《知識寶藏》概介

引言

在印度八邦智慧林法座盛大舉行的「五巨藏」傳法，今年將邁入第三個年度。「五巨藏」中的最後二個巨藏──「知識寶藏」與「廣浩教藏」已訂於西曆九月初傳授。由至為尊貴的大司徒仁波切主持。

「知識寶藏」的傳法包含了口傳與教授；「廣浩教藏」的傳法除了口傳、教授之外，還會有部份的灌頂。其中最引人注目的當屬「時輪金剛」灌頂。據聞不少歐洲法友為此，將專程前來參與此一盛會。

當「廣浩教藏」傳法圓滿之時，也正是「五巨藏」圓滿之日。走筆至此，第一年「大寶伏藏」傳法圓滿日的盛況憬然赴目──在那滿盈著感恩、喜樂的氛圍中，只見如湧人潮魚貫入殿，向無比尊貴的大司徒仁波切行身、語、意供養。供養行列中的僧俗弟子達五百餘位。今年「五巨藏」圓滿日的盛況，將是令人期待的。

繼「大寶伏藏」之後，第二年也就是去年，大司徒仁波切所傳授的是「噶舉密咒藏」與「口訣藏」。法會期間，來自世界各地的法友齊聚一堂。當中幾位談到他們先前因拜讀了確傑喇嘛噶瑪賁措在「小看板」上的「二巨藏」專訪文，得以瞭解傳法上師與傳法內容的特勝性，於是決定整裝前來受法。有鑑於此，「喜笑之歌」今年便再度延請刻在加拿大東岸弘法的確傑喇嘛，分別就「知識寶藏」與「廣浩教藏」做一概介。

在他的慨然允諾下，今年的「二巨藏」專文得以出籠。這回是由他口述，西方弟子整理，「喜笑之歌」中譯；分成上、下二集，於「小看板」刊出，以饗法友。

確傑喇嘛 噶瑪賁措於加拿大東岸

Shejadzö (the Treasure of Knowledge)

Composed by Jamgon Kongtrul Rinpoche, 1830 -1899

《知識寶藏》

由第一世蔣貢康楚仁波切(1830 -1899)所編撰。

譯註：《所知藏》、《知識總匯》、《遍及所知》，全名《乘門普攝經教寶藏三學善說論》──藏漢大辭典

I am going to give you a simple definition from the contents of this text:  

關於「知識寶藏」，我將依據藏典，說明其大要。

The text has three volumes labeled Om, Ah, Hum, representing the Buddha's Body, Speech and Mind.  This is the Shastra which contains three higher trainings:  Morality, Wisdom and Concentration.

這部巨藏包含了以嗡、阿、吽為名的三大函卷──分別代表佛的身、語、意──是一部包含了戒、定、慧三學的論藏。

What is Shastra?  In Tibetan, Shastra is called Tenchö. 

Generally, the teachings are divided into two:  Ka and Tenchö.  Ka are Buddha's own words that are contained in 108 volumes in the Tibetan language. Tenchö are the commentaries on these teachings, mainly from Indian masters and are contained in 200 volumes.  In addition, the Tibetan masters' commentaries are also included in the Shastra.

The definition of Tenchö has two meanings:  Chö and Kyob.  Chö means change and Kyob means protection.  Therefore, by practicing and studying these teachings it is possible to transform your defilements into positive mind. Protection is defined by taking refuge in the Buddha, Dharma and Sangha.  The idea is to be protected from falling into the lower realms and eventually achieve freedom from all suffering, ultimately leading to Buddhahood.

什麼是「論藏」？論藏在藏文稱為「滇倔」。

一般而言，教法可分為二大類：經藏(嘎)、論藏(滇倔)。

「經藏」是佛陀的言教，藏譯經典計有一百零八卷。「論藏」是佛弟子──主要是印度的祖師們──對於佛經所作的註釋。此類藏譯論典計有二百卷。此外，另有藏傳上師們註釋的論典。

論藏(滇倔)，在藏文中有二層涵義：「倔」和「克 又」。

「倔」意為改變：藉由學修教法，我們能有機會將染污轉化為正向的心念。

「克 又」意為保護，指的是皈依佛、法、僧三寶。由此而能免於墮入下三道，最終能從所有的痛苦中解脫出來，乃至究竟成佛。

The teachings are divided into 10 great chapters:

The world as a container, the content of which all sentient beings are a part; how the Buddha came to this world; the teachings as Dharma itself; the development of Buddhism in the world; the training of morality; the beginning, hearing the teachings; the middle is contemplation; the end is concentration (meditation); followed by the Paths and Bhumis; and finally the fruition.

《知識寶藏》共計十品：

有情眾生所居器世間、佛陀示現閻浮提、法、佛教發展史、戒律的行持、聞、思、修、道與地、果。

譯註：此書凡有三卷(函)，內容含有十品四十分之本頌及釋論二部。其十品：

所化剎土情器世間立因品

能化大師云何興化品

聖教正法建立品

契經、真言、明處宏傳源流品

增上戒三律儀廣辨品

明處乘等聽聞品

思惟發起增上慧品

觀修成就增上定理趣品

證受地、道行趣品和究竟解脫果位品

──藏漢大辭典

Each chapter contains four parts:

每一品各包含四個部份：

Chapter One:

In the first teaching the world is described as: 

1) the general Mahayana point of view of cosmic system,

2) the particular Theravadin point of view of the world,  

3) the specific over-view of the Kalachakra world system,

4) the causes and conditions that create samsara (this world).

第一品：有情眾生所居器世間

此品論述「世界」如次：

1)      依於一般大乘觀點所見的宇宙體系

2)      依於特定小乘觀點所見的世界

3)      依於特殊宏觀所見的時輪世界體系

4)      形成此娑婆世界的因與緣

Chapter Two:

Describes the development of the Buddha as:

1) how the Buddha followed the path of the Bhodisattva in his previous lives,

2) how the Buddha obtained enlightenment from different philosophical points of view,

3) the twelve deeds of the Buddha's activities in the world,

4) the Vajrayana point of view of the Buddha's various manifestations.

第二品：佛陀示現閻浮提

此品論述「佛陀示現的歷程」如次：

1)      佛陀於過去生中如何行持菩薩道

2)      依於各種不同的哲學觀點來看佛陀是如何入達證悟

3)      佛陀於此世間所示現的十二事業行

4)      依於金剛乘的觀點來看佛陀的各種示現

Chapter Three:

Discusses the teachings of the Buddha that can be described as: 

1) recognizing the Buddha's teachings,

2) the Dharma teachings in relation to scriptures,

3) the collection of the doctrines after Buddha's parinirvana,

4) discussion of Nyingma traditions.

第三品：法

此品論述「佛法」如次：

1)      認知佛陀的教法

2)      有關經典的教法

3)      於佛陀入滅之後所集結的教法

4)      寧瑪巴(舊派)之研討

Chapter Four:

Talks about Buddhist history and can be described as: 

1) how Buddhism developed in India,

2) how Buddhism developed in Tibet,

3) how the eight practice lineages developed in Tibet,

4) the five ancient sciences.

第四品：佛教發展史

此品論述「佛教史」如次：

1)      佛教在印度的發展

2)      佛教在西藏的發展

3)      八大修持傳承在西藏的發展

4)       五種古科學(「五明」)

Chapter Five:

This chapter is about (shila), the process of moral conduct: 

1) the relationship of teacher and student,

2) Pratimoksha vows,

3) Boddhisattva vows,

4) Vajrayana vows.

第五品：戒律的行持

此品論述「戒律 (尸羅)」如次：

1) 師徒關係

2) 別解脫戒(波羅提木叉戒)

3) 菩提心戒

4) 金剛乘戒

Chapter Six:

Refers to all sciences related to the Buddhist Teachings: 

1) learning or studying the general sciences and social behaviors,

2) teachings related to the Hinayana and Mahayana path,

3) the causal philosophical vehicle,

4) the Vajra vehicle of secret mantrayana. 

第六品：聞

此品論述「佛教相關科學 」如次：

1) 學習一般科學與社會行止

2) 小乘道、大乘道之相關教法

3) 因乘

4) 密咒金剛乘

Chapter Seven:

Pertains to Wisdom, the complete Buddhist path described as: 

1) overview of the teachings,

2) teachings of genuine and provisional meaning and the interdependent origination of the three vehicles,

3) main views of Buddhism,

4) four thoughts to transform the mind.

第七品：思

此品論述「有關智慧的圓滿佛法之道」如次：

1) 教法概要

2) 了義、不了義教法與三乘緣起

3) 佛教的主要見地

4) 轉心四思惟法

Chapter Eight:

Describes the types of concentration or samadi such as: 

1) the Shamatha and Vipashana practice which is the foundation of all Buddhist practices, 2) meditation which is based on the tradition of the causal philosophical vehicle,

3) meditation which is based on the Mantrayana tradition,

4) the meditation based on oral instructions of the Vajrayana tradition.

第八品：修

此品論述「禪定(三摩地)之形態」如次：

1) 佛法修持共基──止(奢摩他)、觀(毗婆舍那)

2) 依循因乘傳統之禪修

3) 依循咒乘傳統之禪修

4) 依循金剛乘口傳傳統之禪修

Chapter Nine:

Talks about the levels of Paths and Buhmis: 

1) the Paths or Bhumis which is the tradition of causal philosophical vehicle,  

2)  the Paths or Bhumis which is the tradition or fruition of the philosophical vehicle,  

3)  improvement of the Vajrayana path,  

4) Paths and Bhumis which is the tradition of the Three Yogas. (Nyingmapa) 

第九品：道與地

此品論述「道與地」如次：

1) 因乘傳統之道、地

2) 果乘傳統之道、地

3) 金剛乘道次

4) (寧瑪巴)三瑜伽傳統之道、地

Chapter Ten:

This chapter discusses the completion of stages of the path: 

1) fruition of the causal philosophical vehicle,  

2) ordinary accomplishment of the Mantrayana tradition,  

3) final result of Vajrayana vehicle,

4) fruition of Nyingma tradition. 

第十品：果

此品論述「圓證覺道」如次：

1) 因乘傳統之證果

2) 咒乘傳統之共成就

3) 金剛乘之究竟證果

4) 寧瑪巴傳統之證果

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